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In the analysis of poetic meter, weak position is either of two things: *In classical Greek and Latin scholarship, a short vowel is in "weak position" if the surrounding consonants would have permitted the syllable containing it to be pronounced either long or short. *A syllable is in "weak position" if it is expected to be unstressed based on its metrical context. ==Vowels in weak position== Although no one can be certain what the phonological significance of vowel "length" or "value" was in ancient Greek, the rules of stress placement in literature of the Homeric and Attic eras are relatively well understood, not least through surviving commentary by the Latin grammarians. Some unstressed syllables seem to have admitted two pronunciations; in particular, the common combination of a short vowel followed by a stop and a liquid (as in the words δάκρυ, πατρός, ὅπλον, and τέκνον and the phrase τί δρᾷ) allows, but does not require, that the syllable containing the vowel be considered "long by position". In Homeric Greek, the vowel in such a syllable was usually grammatically long, but could be grammatically short, depending on the needs of the meter (''vice versa'' in Attic Greek). When short, such vowels are said to have, or be in, weak position.〔http://icarus.umkc.edu/sandbox/perseus/smyth_eng/page.17.a.php Herbert W. Smyth, ''Greek Grammar'' (American Book Company, 1920), ss. 145〕 Poetry in Classical Latin also took advantage of short vowels in weak position. The following examples show the same word scanned in two different ways in a single line (the diacritics on the relevant vowels indicate the length of the entire syllable, as required by the meter):〔E. T. Merrill, ''Catullus'' (Harvard, 1893). Commentary on Catullus 71.〕 *quae pătribus pātres tradunt ab stirpe profecta (Lucr. 4.1222) *gnatum ante ora pătris, pātrem qui obtruncat ad aras (Verg. A. 2.663) *et Lycum nīgris oculis nĭgroque// crine decorum (Hor. Carm. 1.32.11f) *et primo similis volŭcri, mox vera volūcris (Ov. Met. 13.607) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Weak position (poetry)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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